Djiboutian nomads are generally undernourished herders with few possessions and weak livestock. They live in branch-framed, transportable huts called " toukouls" that are covered with woven mats or boiled bark pulled into fine strands and plaited; they are transported on camels.
Good-quality urban housing is in short supply. Most urban and rural housing consists of one-room huts, thatched roofs and walls made of wood poles plastered with a misture of mud and cow dung. Newer urban structures are built with concrete blocks. Many urban dwellings experience flooding, as they are built on land below sea level.
Rural area residents lack municipal water and sewage treatment facilities. Rural houses are overcrowded, and animals typically live in close proximity to inhabitants.
International aid programs subsidize government housing.
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